How to build a Solar Powered Webcam
Solar Battery Chager
About six months ago I got this crazy idea. What if I put a webcam up on our hill? There was no power up there, so I thought of the options. I settled on the idea of building a solar powered webcam. Having never done this before, I set out to learn about solar panels, batteries, and webcams. I’ve tried to capture the important parts here so you can learn from what I’ve done and build your own solar powered webcam.
First, select the camera. There are hundreds of webcams to choose from. I was looking for an inexpensive camera that could be mounted outdoors and that was wireless. I was not running any wires up to the hill. I decided to skip the PTZ cameras (the ones with pan, tilt, and zoom) since I knew I’d be running on battery power. I choose an indoor camera with a matching outdoor housing rather than the outdoor cameras. The main factor was cost. My TRENDnet Wireless Internet Camera Server (TV-IP110W)
The next thing to consider was how much solar power I would need to power the camera. I assumed six watts max meant 2.5-3 watts nominal, or 60-72 watts each day. At 12 volts, that’s six amp hours each day. Since solar panel installations run off of batteries, they end up being just as important as the panel. You need a battery that will hold enough power to run the camera all day. The panel needs to provide enough power to charge the batteries each day with the limited amount of sunlight available. According to Solar Oregon, Portland gets about 4 hours of peak sun on average each day. To test my assumptions about the power bring drawn from the camera, I bought a Kill a Watt meter Kill a Watt meter
Panel Solar
I ended up buying a 33 Amp Hour battery from Batteries Plus locally. While I could have used a smaller battery, I wanted the extra power available for those winter days when there isn’t much sun.
To connect the panel to the battery, you use a device called a charge controller. One side connects to the panel. The other side connects to the battery. Basically, it keeps the panel from overcharging the battery. I chose the Sunforce 7 Amp Charge Controller
Once I had chosen the camera, panel, and battery, the next step was putting it all together. I started by mounting the panel on a pole at the top of the hill in my backyard. I fretted quite a bit over how to mount it to the pole. In the end I used three 12 inch 2×4s, a metal L bracket, and a 4×4 post. The top and bottom 2×4s are bolted onto the panel through the mounting holes provided. The middle 2×4 is attached to the metal L bracket and resting on the panel mounts.
Solar panels work best when mounted facing South at roughly 45 degrees. To accomplish this, I bolted the L-bracket to the side of a 4×4. The 4×4 was concreted into the ground for stability.
Controller Bbattery
Once the panel was in place, I connected the charge controlled and batter. To keep the charge controller dry, I mounted a small (6×6×4) plastic sealed box to the 4×4. Wires go in and out of the box through a small hole drilled in the bottom. I chose the size of the box so it was large enough to fit the chrage controller, an inverter, and the power adapter for the camera. I could have also just built or bought something to convert the batteries 12 volts to the fix volts used by the camera. In this case, the Charge Controller is connected to the battery. This is how the battery is charged. The inverter is also connected to the battery. The inverter has a cigarette lighter style input on it, so I bought a cigarette lighter style jack at a local auto parts store. I used heavy duty velcro to hold the charge controller and cigarette lighter adapter to the back of the case.
At this point, there is power to the inverter. I first plugged in an LED nightlight to test it. Instead of a webcam, I could power lights. a radio, or other small electronic devices. A solar setup like this can be used in many situations.
Battery Box
from this manufacturer. It is still almost 2 feet tall! The reason for an antenna is twofold. First, the camera is in a metal box. Its wifi reception is going to be hampered by this fact. Second, the camera is a ways away from the wifi router, which is inside and at the other end of the house. I tested the signal first by walking around on the hill with my ipod touch. It worked fine and so does the camera.
Outdoor Camera
Outdoor Camera Result
